Chapter 8 Online Reference Tools

Electronic dictionary provides a powerful resource for students working on their own and for you in the classroom. In the classroom you can have the dictionary available all the times to check the meaning of the words and if you are fortunate enough to have a PC linked to a data projector or interactive whiteboard you can integrate the dictionary into your day to day teaching seamlessly and also carry out dictionary use training sessions more effectively.

Beside dictionaries that can be used at all level, thesauruses are more suited to the intermediate and advanced levels. For higher level, they can be used to enrich and extend your learners’ vocabulary. Thesauruses can be used for writing projects. It can encourage learners to be more adventurous in their creative writing at the same time as helping them to analyze their output more critically.

A concordancer is similar to a search engine in any respects. It is a small program that can examine large quantities. Corpuses are compiled from variety of sources like written collection such as newspaper or journals, spoken collection taken from radio.

Translation software is still in its infancy and at the time of writing remains unreliable. Encyclopedias can be used for research and project work. The wealth of information contained o these sites opens up the world to our learners in a way thet more traditional collections of classroom objects simply cant.

Chapter 7 Blogs, Wikis and Podcast

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Blogs, Wikis and podcast are example of social software. These tools can be very motivating for learners, teachers are themselves are sometime fearful of the technology or feel that they are not technically competent enough to use these tools.

The most common type of blogs is kept by one person, who will regularly post comments, thoughts, analyses, experiences, interesting links, jokes or ay others form of the content to the web. blogs use in education are known as edublogs. Edublogs cover a wide range of topics related to education, from amusing on educational policy and development to learners composition. An edublogs can be set up and used by the teacher, by individual learners or by a class. A blogs set up and maintained by teacher is knowm as tutor blogs. The teacher may decide to allow their learners to write comments in the blogs. Another type of blogs is class blogs, one used by the entire class. Blogs provide a real world tool for learners to practice their written English. For teacher the further area is assessment. Given that student or class blogs is essentially a written assignment; blogs can be used for evaluation. First step for start using blogs is setting up sample blogs, second setting up student blogs, third preparing posting and visiting blogs, the last is giving them task.

Another social software is wikis. It is essentially an online journal or diary usually written by one person. One of the best wiki is wikipedia. It is an online that anyone can add or edit. The best way to start wiki is using wiki with a group of learners by setting up collaborative writing project.

The last social software is podcast. A podcats can be downloaded automatically to your computer. Podcast directories are one place to start looking for padcast. There are two main uses of podcast in teaching. Firstly learners can listen to podcast made by others and secondly, they can produce their own podcast.

FOUNDATION OF LITERATURE

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EARLY MODERN ENGLISH “JACOBEAN ERA”

Title : The white Devil
Author: John Webster

This story is about the murder of Vittoria Corombona. The story begins when the duke of Brachiano falls in love with Vittoria Corombona. Actually, both of them are already married. Because Branchiano and Flamineo Vittoria’s brother don’t want this affair open, they make a plan to kill Vittoria’s husband and Branchiano’s wife named Isabella. But after the death of Isabella, a man named Count Lodovico who had been secretly in love with Isabella tries to revenge to Branchiano eith the help from Isabella brother’s Fransisco. First, Lodovico kill Branchiano by poisoning him. Because of that Vittoria and her brother flamineo try to run away from Lodovico and fransisco. But at last, Lodovico and Fransisco still find them and shoot them.

MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE


Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
A Poem by Robert Frost

Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village, though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sound's the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.

Summary:
This poem describes a winter evening in a rural environment. And a desire of a person who wants to see snow falls in the wood. There is nothing can stop him or her for going to the woods even the wood is so dark and something is not well
This poem presents nature as a standard of beauty that is so strong

MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN

SUMMARY
CHAPTER 3 USING WEBSITE

Using website is one of the easiest and least stressful ways of getting started with technology in the classroom. Teachers can use web pages in the classroom in variety ways:
o As printed pages with no computer
o With one computer with an internet connection
o In a computer lab with a set of networked and connected computers
It is important for both teachers and learners see the use of the internet as an intrinsic part of learning process rather than an occasional activity which has nothing to do with their regular study programme. Teacher need to talk to your learners a bout why internet content maybe useful to them and discuss their attitude to technology in general.
Finding useful website is very important and to make searches targeted and efficient we can use search engines, subject guides and real language search. After finding useful website then teachers need to evaluate ho useful and appropriate they are for the classroom. Teachers need to see the accuracy, currency, content and function. The next steps are making a plan for your lessons. First teachers need to visit the websites you intend to use and make sure you know your way around them properly. And make a note of the particular ages you want your learners to work on
Sometimes there are learners with no ability in using internet, so teachers need choose the right website, websites with simple, non linguistic data, visuals, ELT websites where the content has been written, edited, and prepared with this audience in mind.
As teacher we need to prepare well and do approach to the way you use websites in the classroom should give you the confidence to try out different ways of introducing your learners to internet content.

Foundation of Literature

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Love Poem
Title: The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Author: Christopher Marlowe

This poem tells about unidentified man who loves unidentified woman. The man is a shepherd. The shepherd promises her happiness if she wants to live with him. The shepherd tries to describe about a beautiful life with him in the countryside, and about what she will get from his flocks, like a gown made of the finest wool and a belt of straw and ivy-buds, without mentioning the dangers that could happen in the field like wolves, etc. I think this poem is very romantic but not real because the man in this poem seems will gives anything what the woman wants. This poem is like with my sister’s story. One day, my sister met a man. At the first time, the man always made my sister happy by giving anything, but time by time, the man change. When my sister needed some help from him he always avoided her.

MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN

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Summary
Chapter 2 WORD PROCESSORS IN THE CLASSROOM

Using words processors is very helpful for teachers and learners. It makes teacher’s works easier and help learner in learning activity. Teachers can use words processor for making worksheet and material for learners. Teachers can also correct, edit and provide feedback on their learners. Teachers can insert images and link into their worksheet and create form, like making choice, text entry fields where your learners can type text and button to select one of set of choices. In your form you can add text box, check box and drop down menu. Beside that, teacher can use trackcahnges to provide feedback on learner’s written work; teacher can give comment, suggestion or correction. Other windows program that teacher an use is markin for marking up grammar mistakes, spelling errors, word order, and other common errors in learner’s work.
For learners, words processors program can be used for simple task like creative writing, saving, and storing document. The advantage of using words processors in writing is the ability to model texts, share texts, produces them collaboratively and engages in peer and teacher editing on a more interactive level. Words processors program can be a good tool for practicing language. The ability to move words and chunks of text around the page easily can guide learners towards a deeper understanding of how the language works. Activity that can teacher do to teach the learners dictation (the learners should type while they listen, noticing activity, and collaborative writing (where as story is started by one learners or pair and then passed to subsequent pairs of learners who add the story. One final use of words processors program is doing presentations. Specific pieces of works can easily be transferred from word processed format to a presentation format like Microsoft PowerPoint for public presentation or added as files to student’s web pages or blogs.
Start using words processors with simple activities because we need to introduce it to learner first, if they are not used to doing activities based computer.

CHAPTER 2 WORD PROCESSORS IN THE CLASSROOM

The usage of words processors is very useful for both language teacher and learners. It is very effectively and creatively use in classroom. For teacher, words processors can help for prepare worksheet and material. Teacher can also use it for correcting, editing and providing feedback for your learners. Then for learners, words processors can help them to do simple activities like doing writing, saving and storing documents. The activities can be creative writing, listening exercise, dictation, noticing activity, collaborative writing activity and presenting works. Teachers can use the words processors with the simple activities like getting your learners used the mechanic of words processing before moving on to the more creative side.

Foundation of Literature

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Class B

Title: The Jew of Malta

Author: Christopher Marlowe

Year: 1589/1580

Character: Barabas, Abigall: Barabas's daughter, Mathias: Lodowick's friend. He shares a mutual love with Abigall, Ferneze: The governor of Malta, Lodowick: Ferneze's son. As with Mathias, he desires to marry Abigall, Ithamore: A Turkish slave captured by the Spanish navy, bought by Barabas to help carry out his evil plots, Calymath: The Turkish leader, son of the Sultan.

Summary:

The Jew of Malta tells about Barabas, he is a man owning more wealth than all of Malta. Malta is located in the Mediterranean within Southern Europe. When the Turkish sultan's son Selim Calymath arrive to demand tribute, however, Barabas's wealth is seized. He begins a campaign to the Maltese governor, Ferneze, who robbed him. With the aid of his daughter, Abigail, he recovers some of his former assets and buys a Turkish slave, Ithamore, who appears to hate Christians as much as Barabas. Barabas try to revenge for the robbery by using his daughter's beauty to embitter the governor's son, Lodowick, and his friend, Mathias, against each other, leading to a duel in which they both die. Finally they confront and stab each other. Ithamore himself, however, is lured into disclosing his secrets and blackmailing Barabas by a beautiful prostitute and her criminal friend. Barabas poisons all of them in revenge, but not before the governor is apprised of his deeds. Barabas escapes execution by feigning death, and then helps an advancing Turkish army to sack Malta, for which he is awarded governorship of the city. He then turns on the Turks, allowing the Knights of Malta to kill the Turkish army. The Maltese, however, turn on Barabas and kill him as they regain control of Malta.

SUMMARY TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM

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CLASS B


TECHNOLOGY IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Teach language with computer based material known as CALL (Computer Assisted Language learning). CALL program can carry out task to learners. The best known CALL activities are text reconstruction. Activities in the computer offer the learners feedback, more sophisticated feedback, such as showing why learners is mistaken and offering the remedial activities.
The use of technology in the classroom is very important. The reasons are internet access is easy to find, technology is a common thing today, and English is being used in technology mediated context, have new opportunities for authentic tasks, materials, collaboration and communication between learners, technology offers new way for practicing language, technology can be used anywhere, ICT tools can give learners to practice in all of the four language skills.

ATTITUDES TO TECHNOLOGY
Some people become technophobia because they can keep up with new development. Teachers also show this negative attitude because, the result of lack of confidence, alack of facilities or lack of training.
Here is some way to overcome this problem.
o Use a booking form
o Use single computer fro whole class or small group
o Knowing to use email, word processing program and the internet
o Ask some help to you learners
o Technology can be used to do the complementary activities
o Encourage the technophobia teachers
o Collaborate with other school

IMPLEMENTATING ICT IN THE CLASSROOM
First, introducing the booking system to you colleagues. Second, apply technology based activities. Third, using technology based activities. Second, find out your leaner’s IT skills. Fourth, have access to a minimum number of computers. Fifth, start with the simple tools and project in class. Sixth, start using technology that your learners know. Seventh, set up a project between your learners with other learners from other countries via email and joining an online teacher development group. The last, let student to do their work alone without teacher using web quest, electronic materials developed by teacher online dictionaries or other reference tools.

SKILLS AN DEQUIPMENT FOR GETTING STARTED
Before stating use technology, we need to have the basic skills. We need to know how to use word processing program, internet and email. You also need to have some essential equipment: at least one computer, an internet connection, a printer and audio card I your computer and basic software.

Foundation of Literature

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Class B

Summary of Beowulf’s Story

Beowulf was the son of Ecgpeow, a young warrior of the swedish in Geatland. The Danish king Hrothgar’s court was terrorized by a monster called Grendel. Beowulf left Geatland( West Gotaland) and sailed to Zealand with other fourteen warriors to tried figth the Grendels.
When night came, Grendel came to Heorot, one of the place in the Danish kingdom. Beowulf with other warriors attacked the Grendel when he came. Grendel died and that mada the mother of Grendel was angry. The Grendel’s mother wanted to revenge. But at last, Beowulf could win the battle.
After Beowulf’s victory. He and other warriors went back to Geatland and became a king of his own people there. Beowulf ruled the Geats for 50 years, his kingdom was terrorized by a dragon whose treasure had been stolen from his hoard in a burial mound. Beowulf finally slew the dragon by cutting him in half with a dagger, but was mortally wounded by being stabbed with the poisonous horn of the dragon and dies soon after.
The main protagonist, whose name is Beowulf, encounters a number of characters in this poem and Hrootgar, the king of the Danes, including the antagonist Grendel and Grendel Mother's.

Foundation of Literature ( Renaissance Era)

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Class B

CHRISTOPER MARLOWE’S POEM (1599) and the SUMMARY

THE PASSIONATE SHEPHERD TO HIS LOVE

Come live with me, and be my love;
And we will all the pleasures prove
That hills and valleys, dales and fields,
Woods, or steepy mountain yields.

And we will sit upon the rocks,
Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks
By shallow rivers, to whose falls
Melodious birds sing madrigals.

And I will make thee beds of roses
And a thousand fragrant posies;
A cap of flowers, and a kirtle
Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle;

A gown made of the finest wool
Which from our pretty lambs we pull;
Fair-lined slippers for the cold,
With buckles of the purest gold;

A belt of straw and ivy-buds,
With coral clasps and amber-studs:
And if these pleasures may thee move,
Come live with me, and be my love.

The shepherd-swains shall dance and sing
For thy delight each May-morning:
If these delights thy mind may move,
Then live with me and be my love.

This poem tells about a shepherd that loves a woman. The shepherd asks the woman to live with him. The shepherd promises her happiness if she wants to live with him. The shepherd tries to describe about a beautiful life with him in the countryside, and about what she will get from his flocks, like a gown made of the finest wool and a belt of straw and ivy-buds, without mentioning the dangers that could happen in the field like wolves, etc.

ROBERT BURNS’ POEMS and the SUMMARY

A Red, Red Rose

O my Luve's like a red, red rose
That's newly sprung in June;
O my Luve's like the melodie
That's sweetly played in tune.

As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry:

Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi' the sun;
I will luve thee still, my dear,
While the sands o' life shall run.

And fare thee weel, my only Luve,
And fare thee weel awhile!
And I will come again, my Luve,
Tho' it ware ten thousand mile.

This poem tells us about a man who loves a woman, the man compare the woman with a rose. He said he will always love the woman until the end of time and no matter what will happen the man still loves the woman.

English Teaching Aids

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CLASS B

SEMESTER 4

ENGLISH TEACHING AIDS

English teaching aid is a media that can help children in learning English so that, children can see the real thing what they learn not only imagine the thing. English teaching aids can be a material or an equipment.

Here are some the equipment:

Alphabet books, it is used to help transfer reading skills from one language to another, or to introduce the sounds and letters of an alphabet. it help learner found new vocabulary.

1. Calendars, they are a popular item in most parts of the world. A calendar usually contains numbers, text, and illustrations, with those we can make stories from the illustration and stuff like that. it can be used for writng exercise.


2. Poster, it is an informative, often decorative way to attract attention to the information it contains. There are some ways to use posters in a literacy program: to display information or instructions and to teach some kinds of information. Make learner learn about finding detail information.


3. Tape or CD, it is used if we want to teach listening. we can do fill in the blank exercise. It can be a guided fantasy, prepare a text, read it out loud while the song's being played, ask them to imagine exactly what you are reading and let their imagination flows along with the song. This is very relaxing!


4. – Electronic Postcards
   – Online Writing Labs (OWLs)
   – Keypals
   – Mailing Lists
   – ChatBots
   – MOO
   – Media News
   – Web Searching (Webquests)
   – Students’ recordings


5. Hand out, for routine execise


6. One aid that is convenient, portable, uses no electricity, can be used effectively in light or dark and is available all the time. Yes, the teacher him or herself! So teacher is also an aid in teaching.

Summary of british literature

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SEMESTER 3
FOUNDTION OF LITERATURE
BRITISH LITERATURE

British literature is literature from the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. This literature is written in the English language, but there are also separate literatures in Latin, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Scots, Cornish, Manx, Jèrriais, Guernésiais and other languages. Northern Ireland is the only part of Ireland still part of the United Kingdom and the literature is also in English, Ulster Scots and Irish. Irish writers have also played an important part in the development of English-language literature.
Old English or Anglo Saxon Era
English Literature, literature produced in England, from the introduction of Old English by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century to the present. This period extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman-French conquest of England. The earliest known English poem is a hymn on the creation; Bede attributes this to Cædmon (fl. 658–680), who was, according to legend, an illiterate herdsman who produced extemporaneous poetry at a monastery at Whitby. This is generally taken as marking the beginning of Anglo-Saxon poetry. Much of the poetry of the period is difficult to date, or even to arrange chronologically; for example, estimates for the date of the great epic Beowulf.Beowulf is both the first English literary masterpiece and one of the earliest European epics written in the vernacular, or native language, instead of literary Latin. It was owned by Sir Robert cotton. Sir Robert bound Beowulf with four other MSS in a combined codex known as Cotton MS.Vitellius A.xv between the 8th century and the late 10th century. Beowulf, the rousing Old English poem of man and monster.
The haunted mere is one of the poems of Beowulf lines 1308-1382, it was translated by Allan Sullivan and Timothy Murphy, now in the Longmans Anthology of British Literature. This excerpt was published on this site in 1999 by permission of the authors